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Alice Herz-Sommer, also known as Alice Sommer (26 November 1903 – 23 February 2014), was a Prague-born Jewish pianist, music teacher, and supercentenarian who survived Theresienstadt concentration camp. She lived for 40 years in Israel, before migrating to London in 1986, where she resided until her death, and at the age of 110 was the world's oldest known Holocaust survivor.〔Tom Gross, ("The Lady In Number 6" ), 12 November 2010; accessed 13 November 2014.〕〔(Obituary ), nytimes.com, 28 February 2014; accessed 13 November 2014.〕 ==Biography== Aliza Herz was born in Prague, Czech Republic, to Friedrich and Sofie "Gigi" Herz. Her father was a merchant and her mother was highly educated and moved in circles of well-known writers. She had two sisters, including a twin sister, Mariana, and two brothers. Her parents ran a cultural salon where Herz, as a child, met writers including Franz Kafka, composers including Gustav Mahler, and philosophers. Herz commented "Kafka was a slightly strange man. He used to come to our house, sit and talk with my mother, mainly about his writing. He did not talk a lot, but rather loved quiet and nature. We frequently went on trips together. I remember that Kafka took us to a very nice place outside Prague. We sat on a bench and he told us stories."〔("The Lady in Number 6 takes refuge in music" ), ''The Gazette'', 31 January 2014.〕〔("The Woman Who Remembers Mahler" ) by Alex Ross, ''The New Yorker'', 26 November 2013〕〔("Oldest Holocaust survivor, Alice Herz-Sommer, dies at 110" ), haaretz.com, 23 February 2014; accessed 13 November 2014.〕 Herz's older sister Irma taught her how to play the piano, which she studied diligently, and the pianist Artur Schnabel, a friend of the family, encouraged her to pursue a career as a classical musician; a choice she decided to make.〔 She went on to study under Václav Štěpán, and at the Prague German Conservatory of Music, where she was the youngest pupil.〔 Herz married the businessman and amateur musician Leopold Sommer in 1931; the couple had a son, Stephan (later known as Raphael, 1937–2001).〔Greenberg, Louise. 〕 She began giving concerts and making a name for herself across Europe until the Nazis took over Prague, as they did not allow Jews to perform in public, join music competitions or teach non-Jewish pupils.〔 After the invasion of Czechoslovakia, most of Herz-Sommer's family and friends emigrated to Palestine via Romania, including Max Brod and brother-in-law Felix Weltsch, but Herz-Sommer stayed in Prague to care for her ill mother, Sofie, aged 72; both women were arrested and Sofie Herz was murdered in a concentration camp.〔 In July 1943 Herz was sent to Theresienstadt, where she played in more than 100 concerts along with other musicians, for prisoners and guards.〔 She commented of her performances in the camp: We had to play because the Red Cross came three times a year. The Germans wanted to show its representatives that the situation of the Jews in Theresienstadt was good. Whenever I knew that I had a concert, I was happy. Music is magic. We performed in the council hall before an audience of 150 old, hopeless, sick and hungry people. They lived for the music. It was like food to them. If they hadn't come (hear us ), they would have died long before. As we would have.〔 Herz-Sommer was billeted with her son during their time at the camp, he was one of only a few children to survive Theresienstadt. Her husband died of typhus in Dachau, six weeks before the camp was liberated.〔〔 After the Soviet liberation of Theresienstadt in 1945, She and Raphael returned to Prague, and, in March 1949, emigrated to Israel to be reunited with some of her surviving family, including her twin sister, Mariana.〔 Herz lived in Israel for almost 40 years, working as a music teacher at the Jerusalem Academy of Music until emigrating to London in 1986. Her son Raphael, an accomplished cellist and conductor, died in 2001, aged 64, of an aneurysm in Israel at the end of a concert tour. He was survived by his wife and two sons.〔〔 In London, Herz-Sommer lived close to her family in a one-room flat in Belsize Park, visited almost daily by her closest friends, her grandson Ariel Sommer, and daughter-in-law Genevieve Sommer. She practised playing the piano three hours a day until the end of her life. She stated that optimism was the key to her life: I look at the good. When you are relaxed, your body is always relaxed. When you are pessimistic, your body behaves in an unnatural way. It is up to us whether we look at the good or the bad. When you are nice to others, they are nice to you. When you give, you receive.〔 She also declared a firm belief in the power of music: "Music saved my life and music saves me still... I am Jewish, but Beethoven is my religion." Herz-Sommer died in hospital in London on 23 February 2014, aged 110, after being admitted two days previously.〔("Family: Alice Herz-Sommer, Believed World's Oldest Holocaust Survivor, Dies at Age 110" ), 23 February 2014, ''ABC News''〕〔(CTV News ), "Alice Herz-Sommer, believed to be world's oldest Holocaust survivor, dies at 110"; 23 February 2014.〕 Her death was confirmed by her grandson, Ariel Sommer. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alice Herz-Sommer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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